What creative should I use for my multicultural campaign?
The answer is easy, and not easy. Identity Communications, the intelligent multicultural agency, has some food for thought…
When it comes to a multicultural marketing campaign, marketers and their agencies rightly devote time and resources to developing the media schedule. When it comes to creative assets, clients think it’s all too hard or costly to develop bespoke in-language creative. Overwhelmingly clients translate their existing ‘mainstream’ creative.
Take for example, Bayer’s Elevit pregnancy multivitamin (below) targeting Chinese-Australian women. The investment on Youku Chinese video social media is significant, just about every pre-roll served this week uses either Elevit or Menevit material. In this case, the audio was left in English with text copy translated into Chinese.
Another example is our recent work for Johnson & Johnson’s Neutrogena Ultra Sheer (below). The mainstream creative, featuring Jennifer Garner, was subtitled into Chinese.
A much rarer approach is developing bespoke in-language creative, particularly for TV. Reckitt Benckiser’s current campaign for Finish Quantum Ultimate dishwashing tablet (below) was developed and produced by Identity Communications especially for the Chinese-Australian audience. Concept and copy were developed in Chinese and translated to English for client feedback and approval. We sourced and selected local Chinese talent and shoot location. Judging by the comments across video and social media channels, the audience is resonating strongly with this bespoke creative approach.
Of course, it’s not one size fits all. Budget, timing and other factors come in to play in the real world. Here are some considerations that might help you decide:
Budget: if it’s a limited marketing budget, do you really want to spend 80% on creative and 20% on media?
Timing: in-language creative often take longer to produce, sourcing the right talent from a limited pool and translation lead time will add to your timeline
Creative capacity: there isn’t the breadth of creative and production talent compared to mainstream, so this may impact on quality
Collaboration: consider if your current creative agency could work with a cultural consultant during creative concept and development
Face to camera: if it’s just a voiceover, then consider revoicing the commercial
Customise static assets: TV production requires a larger budget, but if you’re doing a print advert which has talent, consider shooting the mainstream material with a mix of talent or shooting talent that’s from that community for your campaign
Product benefit: particularly in the beauty category, a well-known ‘mainstream’ talent may be the aspirational inspiration for this audience, so maybe subtitling is all that’s needed
People like me: then again, if the benefits of a beauty product might be better demonstrated on someone with a skin tone similar to your audience, maybe the ‘mainstream’ talent, especially if they aren’t well known, may not be appropriate
Your brand: if you are a major multinational, and you’re investing a significant budget in media, is there an expectation that you should develop tailored creative for the target community?
Brand sentiment benefits: in a world where creative is almost always translated from mainstream, consider the significant uplift in positive brand sentiment from investing in bespoke creative
We’re experienced in the creative scenarios outlined above. If you have a question about multicultural creative development please contact us.
Key multicultural stats for NSW from the 2016 Census.
NSW is one of Australia’s most culturally diverse states where one in four (25%) speaks a language other than English at home. In Sydney the figure rises to one in three (36%). This is due to the high concentration of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) audiences in greater Sydney, only 8% of CALD audiences live outside of Sydney.
Top languages spoken in NSW The top languages (other than English) spoken at home in NSW and their English proficiency are shown below. The top five languages are unchanged since 2006, however the order have changed.
Mandarin is now the state’s most spoken language, overtaking Arabic. Mandarin is up 72% since the past Census, Hindi is up by 27% and Korean by 26%. All language groups in the top 10 have recorded increases except Greek, down 6% and Italian, down 9% since the 2011 Census.
Rank
Language
High Proficiency
Low Proficiency
Total
Not applicable
Grand Total
1
Mandarin
170426
68165
238591
1351
239947
2
Arabic
167006
31935
198941
1882
200828
3
Cantonese
103820
38770
142590
746
143338
4
Vietnamese
68948
33346
102294
604
102896
5
Greek
68294
12576
80870
816
81685
6
Italian
65141
9594
74735
959
75697
7
Hindi
63456
3020
66476
562
67037
8
Spanish
55340
7518
62858
672
63523
9
Korean
39428
19952
59380
533
59914
10
Tagalog
43363
1313
44676
451
45133
11
Nepali
31883
2434
34317
283
34608
12
Punjabi
29658
3480
33138
291
33429
13
Bengali
28944
2530
31474
207
31687
14
Indonesian
26836
2979
29815
219
30032
15
Urdu
26951
2430
29381
330
29723
16
Tamil
26793
2669
29462
206
29676
17
Macedonian
23063
4749
27812
326
28144
18
Thai
18205
6396
24601
232
24841
19
Filipino
23333
673
24006
209
24211
20
French
22566
958
23524
222
23743
21
German
22090
662
22752
284
23029
22
Portuguese
19524
3233
22757
238
23005
23
Persian (excluding Dari)
17872
3955
21827
209
22044
24
Turkish
17425
3989
21414
210
21623
25
Serbian
17554
3709
21263
220
21489
26
Croatian
18186
2759
20945
208
21149
27
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
15608
4512
20120
193
20316
28
Gujarati
16971
1779
18750
127
18875
29
Russian
15838
2823
18661
110
18765
30
Japanese
14587
2598
17185
136
17321
31
Samoan
14833
1370
16203
338
16544
32
Polish
12547
1452
13999
126
14127
33
Malayalam
12748
1034
13782
96
13885
34
Telugu
11541
816
12357
100
12463
35
Maltese
11264
897
12161
167
12328
37
Khmer
7628
3938
11566
119
11697
38
Sinhalese
10741
435
11176
56
11232
39
Tongan
9175
949
10124
160
10286
40
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic
6229
3049
9278
64
9340
41
Dari
6745
2272
9017
122
9141
42
Dutch
8388
194
8582
111
8688
43
Armenian
6969
827
7796
45
7839
44
Afrikaans
7571
119
7690
51
7735
45
Min Nan
5546
1632
7178
40
7213
46
Chinese, nfd
4554
2512
7066
55
7114
47
Hungarian
5881
596
6477
52
6533
48
Marathi
5615
321
5936
31
5967
49
Lao
3819
1535
5354
51
5405
50
Burmese
3817
1039
4856
37
4902
51
Hazaraghi
2989
1790
4779
64
4834
52
Fijian
4315
152
4467
68
4532
53
Bosnian
3192
654
3846
40
3889
54
Kannada
3468
179
3647
17
3663
55
Hebrew
3316
121
3437
32
3468
56
Czech
3182
187
3369
29
3395
57
Swedish
3184
105
3289
25
3316
58
Inadequately described
2261
624
2885
367
3247
59
Malay
2682
141
2823
19
2838
60
Southern Asian Languages, nfd
2507
205
2712
40
2750
61
Auslan
1971
661
2632
63
2693
62
Kurdish
2082
534
2616
39
2653
63
Pashto
2047
549
2596
57
2650
64
Shona
2511
52
2563
22
2580
65
Romanian
2198
235
2433
21
2450
66
Maori (New Zealand)
2322
59
2381
51
2432
67
Slovak
2104
124
2228
15
2239
68
Ukrainian
1965
224
2189
21
2208
69
Wu
1471
674
2145
3
2147
70
Dinka
1642
335
1977
32
2012
71
Serbo-Croatian/Yugoslavian, so described
1520
265
1785
41
1828
72
Swahili
1611
140
1751
23
1770
73
Akan
1632
81
1713
31
1743
74
Danish
1682
39
1721
5
1731
75
Hakka
1279
395
1674
9
1675
76
Maori (Cook Island)
1477
93
1570
47
1612
77
Finnish
1436
138
1574
15
1588
78
Mongolian
901
597
1498
8
1507
79
Fijian Hindustani
1386
63
1449
13
1458
80
Krio
1179
95
1274
40
1314
81
Slovene
1165
89
1254
15
1271
82
Somali
1066
164
1230
17
1245
83
Bisaya
976
41
1017
8
1028
84
Rohingya
421
532
953
15
968
85
Norwegian
929
27
956
5
960
86
Latvian
835
29
864
10
871
87
Tibetan
566
280
846
7
859
88
Bulgarian
787
55
842
5
844
89
African Languages, nec
755
65
820
20
841
90
Konkani
786
37
823
4
829
91
Karen
456
370
826
3
825
92
Amharic
693
64
757
20
773
93
Albanian
667
98
765
10
772
94
Mauritian Creole
719
42
761
10
760
95
Cebuano
729
25
754
7
754
96
Lithuanian
686
33
719
5
717
97
Igbo
688
15
703
14
715
98
Tok Pisin (Neomelanesian)
594
32
626
8
642
99
Yoruba
616
10
626
3
631
100
Estonian
573
26
599
3
609
101
Indo-Aryan, nfd
555
40
595
12
609
102
Australian Indigenous Languages, nfd
528
30
558
59
609
103
African Languages, nfd
527
59
586
13
600
104
Irish
574
6
580
6
587
105
Tokelauan
392
52
444
12
458
106
Sindhi
425
41
466
4
457
107
Welsh
421
11
432
5
434
108
Sign Languages, nfd
210
165
375
19
387
109
Tigrinya
304
68
372
3
382
110
Wiradjuri
344
7
351
11
374
111
French Creole, nfd
360
10
370
0
368
112
Ndebele
352
0
352
0
355
113
Indo-Aryan, nec
293
42
335
0
334
114
Gaelic (Scotland)
303
0
303
6
321
115
Niue
302
7
309
4
318
116
Oriya
288
26
314
4
309
117
Burmese and Related Languages, nec
189
114
303
12
306
118
Other Southern Asian Languages
287
17
304
0
302
119
Tetum
246
50
296
4
301
120
Iranic, nfd
226
67
293
8
295
121
Uygur
207
84
291
0
288
122
Kirundi (Rundi)
185
51
236
4
248
123
Fulfulde
203
32
235
6
242
124
IIokano
212
15
227
0
220
125
Ilonggo (Hiligaynon)
219
0
219
0
219
126
Rotuman
203
6
209
0
206
127
Tulu
185
3
188
0
197
128
Azeri
166
22
188
3
187
129
Madi
155
30
185
0
184
130
Zulu
164
0
164
3
172
131
Aboriginal English, so described
165
3
168
6
168
132
Swiss, so described
165
0
165
0
168
133
Chin Haka
82
80
162
0
165
134
Other Australian Indigenous Languages, nec
153
4
157
3
163
135
Catalan
153
8
161
0
159
136
Hmong
97
54
151
0
153
137
Ewe
127
26
153
4
152
138
Turkmen
129
22
151
0
150
139
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)
120
25
145
0
147
140
Luganda
136
0
136
0
144
141
Assamese
135
4
139
0
138
142
Yiddish
122
3
125
4
136
143
Creole, nfd
124
4
128
0
129
144
Norf'k-Pitcairn
125
0
125
0
127
145
Timorese
92
38
130
6
125
146
Mandinka
101
14
115
4
118
147
Oromo
97
21
118
0
116
148
Pampangan
96
3
99
0
106
149
Georgian
76
18
94
0
103
150
Latin
87
19
106
0
100
151
Tswana
92
0
92
0
95
152
Southeast Asian Austronesian Languages, nec
87
4
91
0
88
153
Bandjalang
85
0
85
6
88
154
Cypriot, so described
77
13
90
0
87
155
Gumbaynggir
84
0
84
0
87
156
Mandaean (Mandaic)
74
13
87
4
85
157
Yumplatok (Torres Strait Creole)
71
3
74
4
82
158
Bislama
76
0
76
0
81
159
Kashmiri
76
0
76
0
79
160
Ga
78
3
81
0
77
161
Bari
71
4
75
0
74
162
Czechoslovakian, so described
70
10
80
0
73
163
Southeast Asian Austronesian Languages, nfd
68
0
68
0
72
164
Icelandic
63
4
67
0
72
165
Pidgin, nfd
68
8
76
0
71
166
Acholi
67
3
70
0
71
167
Gamilaraay
66
3
69
0
70
168
Balinese
56
9
65
0
70
169
Uzbek
58
11
69
0
69
170
Pacific Austronesian Languages, nec
57
10
67
0
69
171
Hausa
55
9
64
0
68
172
Solomon Islands Pijin
66
0
66
0
67
173
Dan (Gio-Dan)
55
4
59
0
64
174
Gilbertese
57
0
57
3
63
175
Burmese and Related Languages, nfd
30
27
57
3
62
176
Zomi
16
41
57
0
60
177
Bemba
58
0
58
0
59
178
Dhivehi
53
4
57
0
59
179
Balochi
50
3
53
0
57
180
Moro (Nuba Moro)
33
12
45
5
57
181
Other Eastern Asian Languages, nec
31
25
56
0
56
182
Key Word Sign Australia
25
23
48
3
55
183
Papua New Guinea Languages, nfd
52
0
52
0
54
184
Motu (HiriMotu)
58
0
58
0
52
185
Liberian (Liberian English)
45
5
50
4
52
186
Themne
44
5
49
0
52
187
Seychelles Creole
45
0
45
3
52
188
Acehnese
28
20
48
0
51
189
Xhosa
39
0
39
6
46
190
Dravidian, nec
41
0
41
0
45
191
Belorussian
36
6
42
0
43
192
Nyanja (Chichewa)
35
0
35
0
41
193
Eastern European Languages, nfd
33
0
33
0
39
194
American Languages
37
6
43
0
38
195
Mon-Khmer, nec
34
7
41
0
35
196
Invented Languages
36
0
36
0
34
197
Anuak
30
5
35
0
33
198
Romany
19
6
25
0
32
199
Dhanggatti
24
6
30
0
31
200
Papua New Guinea Languages, nec
30
0
30
0
30
201
Luo
26
0
26
0
29
202
Dharawal
22
0
22
3
29
203
Bikol
25
0
25
0
28
204
Other Australian Indigenous Languages, nfd
23
3
26
0
27
205
Yolngu Matha, nfd
25
0
25
3
27
206
Kikuyu
23
0
23
0
27
207
Mon
18
12
30
0
26
208
Middle Eastern Semitic Languages, nec
24
4
28
0
26
209
Tuvaluan
23
0
23
0
26
210
Nuer
17
0
17
0
26
211
Paakantyi
26
3
29
0
24
212
Lingala
26
4
30
0
22
213
Other Southeast Asian Languages
22
0
22
0
22
214
Pacific Austronesian Languages, nfd
19
0
19
3
22
215
Turkic, nec
19
5
24
0
21
216
Javanese
12
3
15
0
21
217
Other Southern European Languages, nec
12
6
18
0
19
218
Bassa
15
0
15
0
19
219
Harari
13
0
13
0
19
220
Sign Languages, nec
9
7
16
0
17
221
Eastern Asian Languages, nfd
12
3
15
0
16
222
Chinese, nec
12
3
15
0
15
223
Nyungar
11
0
11
0
15
224
Shilluk
18
0
18
0
14
225
Iberian Romance, nfd
13
0
13
0
14
226
Iranic, nec
10
3
13
0
14
227
Mann
8
0
8
0
14
228
Yankunytjatjara
11
0
11
0
13
229
Letzeburgish
9
0
9
0
13
230
Basque
17
0
17
0
12
231
Frisian
8
0
8
0
12
232
Celtic, nec
15
0
15
0
11
233
Tai, nec
10
0
10
0
11
234
Nauruan
13
4
17
0
10
235
Iberian Romance, nec
13
0
13
0
10
236
Other Eastern Asian Languages, nfd
13
0
13
0
10
237
Middle Eastern Semitic Languages, nfd
5
0
5
0
10
238
Ngarrindjeri
9
0
9
0
9
239
German and Related Languages, nfd
5
0
5
0
9
240
Iban
4
0
4
0
9
241
Finnish and Related Languages, nfd
10
0
10
0
8
242
Kalaw Kawaw Ya/Kalaw Lagaw Ya
10
0
10
0
8
243
Warlpiri
7
0
7
0
8
244
Kpelle
6
0
6
0
8
245
Southwest and Central Asian Languages, nfd
11
0
11
0
7
246
Arrernte, nec
7
0
7
0
7
247
Gurindji
6
0
6
0
7
248
Scandinavian, nec
5
0
5
0
7
249
Kuuku-Ya'u
6
0
6
3
6
250
Pitjantjatjara
6
0
6
0
6
251
Torres Strait Island Languages, nfd
3
0
3
0
6
252
Krahn
0
0
0
0
6
253
Oceanian Pidgins and Creoles, nec
0
0
0
0
6
254
Tai, nfd
7
0
7
0
5
255
Finnish and Related Languages, nec
5
0
5
0
5
256
Southern European Languages, nfd
5
0
5
0
5
257
Tiwi
5
0
5
0
5
258
Oceanian Pidgins and Creoles, nfd
5
0
5
0
5
259
Muruwari
4
0
4
0
5
260
Other Southwest and Central Asian Languages, nec
3
0
3
0
5
261
Murrinh Patha
4
0
4
0
4
262
Guugu Yimidhirr
4
0
4
0
4
263
Meriam Mir
4
0
4
0
4
264
Arrernte, nfd
4
0
4
0
4
265
Portuguese Creole, nfd
4
0
4
0
4
266
Baltic, nfd
0
0
0
0
4
267
Githabul
7
0
7
0
3
268
Yorta Yorta
4
0
4
0
3
269
Celtic, nfd
3
0
3
0
3
270
South Slavic, nfd
3
0
3
0
3
271
Other Eastern European Languages, nec
3
0
3
0
3
272
Southeast Asian Languages, nfd
3
0
3
0
3
273
Anindilyakwa
3
0
3
0
3
274
Kriol
3
0
3
0
3
275
Aromunian (Macedo-Romanian)
0
0
0
0
3
276
Tatar
0
0
0
0
3
277
Luritja
0
0
0
0
3
Total
1549025
336268
1885293
5594786
7480194
.
Note: does not include English and Not Stated. Low Proficiency include “Not Well” or “Not at All”, High Proficiency include “Well” or “Very Well” in relation to English language proficiency.
Top local government areas (LGAs) ranked by the percentage of residents who speak a language other than English (LOTE) at home in NSW.
Rank
LGA
Total
LOTE
% LOTE
1
Fairfield (C)
198816
140724
71
2
Cumberland (A)
216077
141811
66
3
Strathfield (A)
40313
25870
64
4
Burwood (A)
36810
23421
63
5
Canterbury-Bankstown (A)
346300
208323
60
6
Rockdale (C)
109402
61542
56
7
Georges River (A)
146834
78617
54
8
Parramatta (C)
226153
117616
52
9
Liverpool (C)
204330
106094
52
10
Ryde (C)
116304
55901
48
11
Botany Bay (C)
46651
20789
45
12
Blacktown (C)
336965
138300
41
13
Canada Bay (A)
88015
35968
41
14
Willoughby (C)
74303
29896
40
15
Sydney (C)
208376
75386
36
16
Randwick (C)
140659
45112
32
17
The Hills Shire (A)
157243
50112
32
18
Hornsby (A)
142666
44379
31
19
Campbelltown (C) (NSW)
157007
47716
30
20
Inner West (A)
182037
51715
28
21
Ku-ring-gai (A)
118053
32746
28
22
Lane Cove (A)
36050
9514
26
23
North Sydney (A)
67655
15053
22
24
Waverley (A)
66813
14016
21
25
Griffith (C)
25635
5347
21
26
Hunters Hill (A)
13999
2722
19
27
Penrith (C)
196064
33077
17
28
Wollongong (C)
203630
34297
17
29
Woollahra (A)
54239
8376
15
30
Northern Beaches (A)
252876
38209
15
31
Mosman (A)
28476
4302
15
32
Camden (A)
78220
11272
14
33
Sutherland Shire (A)
218465
28411
13
34
Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional (A)
56027
6787
12
35
Shellharbour (C)
68460
7112
10
36
Newcastle (C)
155412
15381
10
37
Armidale Regional (A)
29451
2333
8
38
Coffs Harbour (C)
72949
5460
7
39
Leeton (A)
11167
816
7
40
Albury (C)
51080
3451
6
41
Byron (A)
31556
2126
7
42
Balranald (A)
2290
154
7
43
Wagga Wagga (C)
62383
4128
7
44
Blue Mountains (C)
76902
4708
6
45
Carrathool (A)
2723
164
6
46
Orange (C)
40348
2411
6
47
Hawkesbury (C)
64591
3851
6
48
Central Coast (C) (NSW)
327736
19213
6
49
Wollondilly (A)
48520
2766
6
50
Wingecarribee (A)
47878
2701
6
51
Walgett (A)
6112
326
5
52
Snowy Monaro Regional (A)
20216
1069
5
53
Goulburn Mulwaree (A)
29608
1401
5
54
Western Plains Regional (A)
50075
2348
5
55
Lismore (C)
43134
1989
5
56
Lake Macquarie (C)
197373
8749
4
57
Kiama (A)
21466
931
4
58
Tweed (A)
91374
3851
4
59
Bathurst Regional (A)
41301
1694
4
60
Cobar (A)
4650
189
4
61
Shoalhaven (C)
99649
4013
4
62
Maitland (C)
77307
3067
4
63
Hay (A)
2945
112
4
64
Ballina (A)
41786
1582
4
65
Eurobodalla (A)
37229
1400
4
66
Tamworth Regional (A)
59662
2239
4
67
Yass Valley (A)
16143
572
4
68
Moree Plains (A)
13158
466
4
69
Brewarrina (A)
1645
58
4
70
Snowy Valleys (A)
14398
503
3
71
Lithgow (C)
21090
733
3
72
Muswellbrook (A)
16086
559
3
73
Hilltops (A)
18497
634
3
74
Port Stephens (A)
69556
2371
3
75
Oberon (A)
5301
180
3
76
Murrumbidgee (A)
3838
127
3
77
Edward River (A)
8847
289
3
78
Bellingen (A)
12670
403
3
79
Inverell (A)
16485
521
3
80
Singleton (A)
22990
716
3
81
Berrigan (A)
8462
262
3
82
Port Macquarie-Hastings (A)
78541
2400
3
83
Junee (A)
6295
192
3
84
Bega Valley (A)
33254
1010
3
85
Upper Hunter Shire (A)
14112
420
3
86
Wentworth (A)
6798
200
3
87
Parkes (A)
14611
415
3
88
Bourke (A)
2633
72
3
89
Kyogle (A)
8939
244
3
90
Mid-Western Regional (A)
24079
652
3
91
Cowra (A)
12464
331
3
92
Central Darling (A)
1831
48
3
93
Mid-Coast (A)
90302
2362
3
94
Broken Hill (C)
17709
446
3
95
Murray River (A)
11682
292
3
96
Narrandera (A)
5853
144
3
97
Tenterfield (A)
6624
159
2
98
Nambucca (A)
19210
456
2
99
Bland (A)
5958
138
2
100
Kempsey (A)
28886
647
2
101
Gunnedah (A)
12214
273
2
102
Bogan (A)
2689
60
2
103
Temora (A)
6110
134
2
104
Lachlan (A)
6195
133
2
105
Clarence Valley (A)
50670
1082
2
106
Cabonne (A)
13391
281
2
107
Forbes (A)
9589
201
2
108
Glen Innes Severn (A)
8832
184
2
109
Warren (A)
2730
56
2
110
Gundagai (A)
11144
227
22
111
Warrumbungle Shire (A)
9380
191
2
112
Greater Hume Shire (A)
10357
209
2
113
Gilgandra (A)
4234
84
2
114
Federation (A)
12279
239
2
115
Cessnock (C)
55561
1056
2
116
Narrabri (A)
13083
227
2
117
Richmond Valley (A)
22805
391
2
118
Uralla (A)
6049
98
2
119
Blayney (A)
7259
117
2
120
Upper Lachlan Shire (A)
7694
121
2
121
Lockhart (A)
3121
43
1
122
Weddin (A)
3660
50
1
123
Coonamble (A)
3919
49
1
124
Walcha (A)
3090
38
1
125
Narromine (A)
6444
77
1
126
Coolamon (A)
4313
51
1
127
Gwydir (A)
5255
60
1
128
Liverpool Plains (A)
7689
84
1
129
Dungog (A)
8976
76
0
Total
7480230
1882018
25
Note: Unincorporated NSW, No usual address (NSW) and Migratory – Offshore – Shipping (NSW).
NSW is home to over 216,000 people who identify as an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander more than any other Australian state or territory. This is an increase of 25% since the 2011 Census. Seven in 10 of the community (68%) live outside greater Sydney.
0-4
5-14
15-24
25-44
45-64
65+
Total
Males
13006
25339
21109
24496
18041
5379
107368
Females
11958
23971
20217
26141
20323
6200
108809
Total
24956
49315
41327
50653
38354
11576
216176
As always, get in touch if you have any questions on how to reach multicultural audiences.
Please read other IDENTITY posts for data from the 2016 Census on:
Key multicultural stats from the 2016 Census June 27 release.
The Census is the most comprehensive research into diverse communities in Australia. IDENTITY, the intelligent multicultural marketing agency, has summarised key multicultural stats from the June release of the 2016 Census below, including:
Top languages spoken in Australia, other than English.
Top 35 languages ranked by low English proficiency.
Top 50 countries of birth in Australia.
Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Status by Age and Gender.
If you find this information useful, please share – we’re happy for everyone to use.
Top languages spoken in Australia (other than English).
4.9m people speak a language other than English in Australia according to the 2016 Census. That’s an increase of 1m since the last Census in 2011. Mandarin is now our most spoken language other than English, by a long way – almost double the next language group, Arabic.
All languages recorded in the Census ranked by total Australian population. To sort by a State or Territory, click on the arrow pointers at the top of the corresponding column. For example, to find the top languages spoken in NSW, click on the arrow pointer to the right of the NSW column. For top languages spoken in Victoria, click on the pointer on the right of VIC.
Rank
Language
NSW
VIC
QLD
SA
WA
TAS
NT
ACT
Total
1
Mandarin
239945
191793
69474
28780
47840
3971
2163
12408
596711
2
Arabic
200825
79589
13644
9292
14132
829
361
3040
321728
3
Cantonese
143333
78079
24900
9666
19339
972
729
3853
280943
4
Vietnamese
102896
103430
25914
19017
20247
442
1215
4216
277400
5
Italian
75694
112272
20009
29106
29401
1096
765
3245
271597
6
Greek
81683
110707
10538
22993
4790
1191
3245
2436
237588
7
Tagalog/Filipino
69344
40831
28370
9347
25585
938
5039
2995
182493
8
Hindi
67034
51241
18163
7310
10747
639
852
3646
159652
9
Spanish
63527
35494
21006
5669
10415
936
487
3273
140817
10
Punjabi
33435
56171
17991
9306
12223
489
670
2215
132496
11
Korean
59912
15519
19620
3600
7107
506
360
2370
108997
12
German
23033
19714
16488
6453
9320
1576
842
1913
79353
13
Tamil
29681
25662
5520
2701
6888
306
516
1883
73161
14
French
23743
19313
11988
2720
9597
820
646
2047
70873
15
Urdu
29722
23205
4957
2942
5368
291
441
2369
69293
16
Indonesian
30032
16782
5551
1822
10934
253
1191
1325
67891
17
Macedonian
28144
29487
1264
633
5849
18
26
599
66019
18
Sinhalese
11234
37423
5907
2640
4939
222
527
1721
64612
19
Nepali
34606
10414
5918
4504
2831
1647
1219
866
62005
20
Turkish
21620
31832
2054
697
1727
88
53
285
58355
21
Persian (excluding Dari)
22044
16434
6713
4745
6703
593
151
937
58313
22
Croatian
21156
20504
4009
3075
5556
270
43
2272
56885
23
Japanese
17319
11480
16877
2200
5859
601
506
1116
55966
24
Thai
24839
11669
8126
1955
6403
490
866
1077
55444
25
Bengali
31687
10992
3683
2406
3263
148
432
1941
54566
26
Serbian
21488
17057
4759
4175
5038
127
61
1095
53801
27
Malayalam
13881
16950
7614
3692
7544
254
1274
1994
53206
28
Gujarati
18873
15059
6065
4345
7435
80
275
739
52888
29
Russian
18763
17685
6005
3289
3218
317
134
895
50314
30
Portuguese
23003
7301
8634
1550
7070
109
532
654
48853
31
Polish
14124
15175
5224
5677
5978
685
118
1089
48083
32
Samoan
16544
11609
14969
155
943
49
117
486
44869
33
Afrikaans
7735
5560
12525
2362
14208
375
308
652
43741
34
Khmer
11694
14720
2545
4255
1569
26
251
369
35428
35
Telugu
12456
13158
3442
1325
2169
110
255
1519
34435
36
Dutch
8686
8600
7157
2551
5100
903
243
582
33835
37
Non-verbal, so described
11716
9206
4860
2219
3611
366
398
790
33179
38
Maltese
12327
16898
1357
846
387
19
6
153
31987
39
Dari
9139
12386
2129
3408
2822
160
15
368
30437
40
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
20317
7567
274
14
124
3
0
44
28349
41
Hazaraghi
4831
9060
1611
3922
2560
132
44
100
22272
42
Chinese, nfd
7115
7095
2330
1292
1211
232
62
637
19979
43
Hungarian
6533
6730
3478
1409
1232
129
89
290
19895
44
Malay
2838
4948
1893
1015
5899
189
143
326
17942
45
Min Nan
7210
5749
1327
810
2481
35
63
200
17905
46
Tongan
10286
3257
3054
130
440
41
122
364
17691
47
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic
9341
7779
35
7
3
0
0
8
17172
48
Burmese
4901
4176
1202
514
4904
108
168
348
16321
49
Bosnian
3885
5881
2549
1406
1877
61
25
138
15832
50
Somali
1244
7457
2441
415
2528
18
26
45
14176
51
Marathi
5969
3879
1038
708
1066
56
53
288
13055
52
Romanian
2451
5125
2365
968
1857
48
25
115
12955
53
Inadequately described
3246
4274
2381
793
1362
312
184
290
12847
54
Dinka
2010
4869
1781
1780
1600
11
104
537
12701
55
Maori (New Zealand)
2429
1680
4264
222
2859
52
178
58
11747
56
Swahili
1773
2447
2262
2004
2364
143
232
238
11460
57
Shona
2583
2129
1757
624
3215
51
356
324
11037
58
Hebrew
3468
5177
716
189
623
22
16
133
10341
59
Karen
827
5175
1404
350
2067
168
48
228
10270
60
Armenian
7843
2005
115
111
103
4
0
24
10194
61
Auslan
2695
2874
2336
852
941
204
61
155
10112
62
Lao
5404
1999
863
708
226
20
47
718
9983
63
Kannada
3663
3655
839
453
801
32
30
225
9701
64
Pashto
2654
4692
532
590
546
15
21
184
9233
65
Albanian
772
6834
512
579
404
14
20
48
9181
66
Hakka
1679
5533
488
93
595
6
531
47
8989
67
Swedish
3317
1905
1940
396
1009
120
66
206
8956
68
Australian Indigenous Languages, nfd
610
159
2299
618
1545
21
3482
44
8803
69
Fijian
4525
1008
1700
172
370
34
175
131
8145
70
Czech
3392
1562
1394
484
783
124
51
150
7938
71
Southern Asian Languages, nfd
2748
2841
1042
389
680
31
58
118
7915
72
Ukrainian
2208
2836
706
1097
617
52
18
141
7676
73
Kriol
3
19
364
3
2376
0
4390
0
7155
74
Amharic
769
3724
685
498
890
151
9
87
6812
75
Kurdish
2654
1604
592
754
533
19
4
42
6199
76
Yumplatok (Torres Strait Creole)
78
25
5901
4
103
0
55
4
6171
77
Serbo-Croatian/Yugoslavian, so described
1828
1913
895
507
811
13
7
88
6061
78
Finnish
1589
968
2115
260
417
115
42
473
5962
79
Danish
1728
1089
1631
286
766
98
57
118
5777
80
Slovak
2238
1588
731
363
414
27
10
61
5437
81
Maori (Cook Island)
1612
1468
1609
63
308
10
21
28
5107
82
Creole, nfd
133
844
3414
106
172
8
203
68
4939
83
Chin Haka
166
3143
150
574
720
12
42
0
4806
84
Tigrinya
378
2215
711
325
745
125
4
76
4583
85
Djambarrpuyngu
0
3
6
0
0
0
4275
0
4282
86
Mauritian Creole
762
2368
82
19
929
3
14
19
4200
87
Slovene
1269
1736
466
265
200
22
17
108
4089
88
Bisaya
1025
808
937
314
667
45
152
97
4061
89
Tok Pisin (Neomelanesian)
643
315
1887
86
603
22
92
94
3741
90
Burmese and Related Languages, nec
309
1828
525
356
312
54
3
29
3407
91
Wu
2150
936
106
72
51
3
0
62
3384
92
Pitjantjatjara
8
13
14
1847
364
3
868
3
3125
93
Kirundi (Rundi)
247
324
1002
878
576
24
39
7
3097
94
Akan
1742
486
209
110
423
13
11
105
3095
95
Oromo
115
2101
183
134
405
79
18
12
3047
96
Latvian
875
1007
277
492
161
28
15
97
2950
97
Norwegian
964
523
717
172
370
38
20
91
2898
98
Cebuano
756
705
535
234
450
20
78
42
2820
99
African Languages, nec
845
571
465
288
480
46
38
59
2786
100
Fijian Hindustani
1464
535
542
45
52
0
19
45
2710
101
Bulgarian
843
704
411
334
330
18
15
24
2682
102
Krio
1315
292
262
162
346
34
9
115
2530
103
Yoruba
635
672
381
149
462
24
50
93
2465
104
Hmong
151
573
1667
0
0
43
0
18
2449
105
Konkani
830
967
194
108
255
8
13
44
2416
106
Other Southern Asian Languages
306
182
130
62
1159
19
7
533
2398
107
French Creole, nfd
367
1215
182
23
552
0
4
40
2385
108
Warlpiri
7
16
15
50
39
0
2171
3
2304
109
Rohingya
964
566
609
51
23
0
19
4
2248
110
African Languages, nfd
602
626
350
140
402
22
26
54
2232
111
Nuer
19
1601
136
69
289
10
34
0
2157
112
Mongolian
1507
181
194
46
121
12
0
88
2144
113
Tiwi
6
6
9
8
3
0
2006
0
2040
114
Igbo
716
450
237
146
250
31
47
152
2035
115
Pidgin, nfd
78
190
1544
50
17
11
81
46
2021
116
Lithuanian
722
654
165
244
151
29
5
36
1999
117
Murrinh Patha
4
8
4
0
3
0
1958
0
1973
118
Irish
586
412
299
73
473
24
25
40
1941
119
Estonian
608
290
314
117
411
21
55
20
1844
120
Kunwinjku
0
0
0
0
3
0
1703
0
1710
121
Welsh
434
300
365
147
365
23
17
43
1688
122
Sindhi
458
574
259
111
101
3
11
69
1592
123
Alyawarr
0
0
19
3
0
0
1523
0
1548
124
Yiddish
137
1294
28
4
27
7
0
5
1495
125
Anindilyakwa
0
0
19
0
0
0
1458
0
1484
126
Tibetan
857
391
81
35
22
19
0
74
1473
127
Indo-Aryan, nfd
611
349
226
60
95
12
10
28
1400
128
Ndebele
356
203
198
51
420
3
87
49
1363
129
Sign Languages, nfd
388
200
415
98
124
36
18
12
1296
130
Ngaanyatjarra
0
0
0
4
1097
0
11
0
1112
131
Tetum
300
337
63
41
117
7
222
20
1105
132
Zomi
63
620
234
181
3
13
0
0
1104
133
Acholi
72
111
420
143
253
55
28
0
1089
134
Norf'k-Pitcairn
125
9
166
3
11
0
3
3
1035
135
Uygur
289
271
50
397
10
0
0
3
1025
136
Gaelic (Scotland)
317
247
177
48
161
19
15
22
1006
137
Burarra
0
0
6
0
3
0
986
0
995
138
Kalaw Kawaw Ya/Kalaw Lagaw Ya
12
3
930
0
3
0
8
0
957
139
Luritja
3
0
0
15
27
0
904
0
955
140
Tokelauan
455
28
402
13
41
0
17
0
953
141
Burmese and Related Languages, nfd
58
379
87
96
288
26
0
10
951
142
Madi
185
42
286
148
172
73
14
13
934
143
Iranic, nfd
296
326
84
89
91
0
3
5
891
144
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)
144
98
350
137
120
16
0
13
880
145
Cape York Peninsula Languages, nec
0
3
854
0
3
0
13
0
875
146
Bari
79
169
93
147
319
19
19
12
853
147
Arrernte, nec
8
7
16
31
7
0
780
0
840
148
Niue
311
108
269
10
80
8
0
3
787
149
Bemba
61
81
87
21
513
3
6
12
783
150
Guugu Yimidhirr
0
7
765
0
0
0
0
0
775
151
Yolngu Matha, nfd
27
9
40
0
8
0
633
0
724
152
Martu Wangka
0
0
0
0
720
0
7
0
724
153
Oriya
313
236
58
23
43
4
0
41
721
154
Indo-Aryan, nec
335
217
44
43
56
7
3
14
716
155
Swiss, so described
171
114
218
35
128
20
20
9
711
156
Ilonggo (Hiligaynon)
220
176
130
56
96
5
17
3
696
157
Motu (HiriMotu)
54
27
543
13
13
0
22
15
693
158
Arrernte, nfd
0
0
3
3
0
0
674
0
688
159
Zulu
170
110
107
44
164
9
37
21
664
160
Mon-Khmer, nec
39
128
462
0
3
22
0
5
655
161
Aboriginal English, so described
169
31
188
90
119
0
25
23
651
162
Tulu
191
230
50
24
88
0
7
0
585
163
Mandinka
121
63
162
173
48
8
7
0
582
164
Harari
17
514
17
4
25
0
0
0
576
165
Papua New Guinea Languages, nfd
56
32
410
14
27
3
19
11
570
166
IIokano
222
135
73
37
75
0
22
6
559
167
Ewe
155
119
83
68
94
0
9
18
541
168
Dhivehi
62
168
61
59
147
10
3
27
539
169
Anmatyerr, nec
0
0
0
3
0
0
521
0
531
170
Fulfulde
243
41
52
43
136
0
3
9
525
171
Seychelles Creole
51
27
166
7
275
0
0
0
522
172
Uzbek
72
87
154
169
29
3
0
8
518
173
Luganda
138
148
74
34
85
3
3
11
498
174
Timorese
125
263
15
6
23
0
58
0
498
175
Nyungar
15
21
12
11
419
0
8
0
475
176
Wiradjuri
372
22
37
0
0
0
3
19
457
177
Tswana
93
106
84
37
90
4
7
23
451
178
Wik Mungkan
0
3
442
0
0
0
0
0
450
179
Azeri
188
100
54
16
56
6
0
17
445
180
Catalan
164
132
72
18
37
11
0
8
443
181
Western Arrarnta
0
0
0
14
0
0
422
0
440
182
Yankunytjatjara
13
4
3
110
8
0
287
0
420
183
Nyanja (Chichewa)
43
66
45
40
196
12
10
15
416
184
Gurindji
3
0
3
0
3
0
390
0
405
185
Gilbertese
66
53
189
19
18
0
35
13
387
186
Eastern Arrernte
0
0
6
4
0
0
381
0
385
187
Yindjibarndi
0
0
0
0
375
0
0
0
377
188
Assamese
140
139
34
12
37
0
0
25
373
189
Maung
0
0
0
0
0
0
376
0
371
190
Rotuman
206
17
98
4
26
3
7
5
363
191
Other Australian Indigenous Languages, nec
169
14
57
30
28
44
16
8
362
192
Turkmen
155
55
36
66
24
0
0
3
336
193
Torres Strait Island Languages, nfd
11
4
292
0
13
0
16
3
335
194
Dhuwaya
0
0
0
0
0
0
334
0
334
195
Kuku Yalanji
0
0
326
0
0
0
0
0
323
196
Warumungu
0
0
6
3
3
0
302
0
321
197
Bardi
0
0
0
0
318
0
0
0
321
198
Nauruan
13
143
147
0
0
0
0
7
312
199
Ngarrindjeri
5
4
0
292
3
0
7
0
312
200
Manyjilyjarra
0
3
0
0
310
0
0
0
311
201
Latin
103
98
59
20
15
7
0
7
309
202
Southeast Asian Austronesian Languages, nec
88
56
79
14
51
4
3
9
305
203
Lingala
22
36
82
59
67
4
19
0
301
204
Solomon Islands Pijin
66
11
142
5
36
0
8
17
294
205
Southeast Asian Austronesian Languages, nfd
73
45
45
14
106
0
6
3
291
206
Icelandic
75
43
81
16
64
0
0
0
286
207
Walmajarri
0
0
0
0
279
0
7
0
283
208
Mon
23
35
8
12
56
0
0
143
282
209
Nunggubuyu
0
0
0
0
0
0
276
0
276
210
Pacific Austronesian Languages, nec
71
34
115
11
15
0
7
9
267
211
Bislama
77
36
105
10
7
5
7
13
266
212
Dhuwal, nfd
0
0
0
0
0
0
265
0
266
213
Liberian (Liberian English)
52
57
69
38
23
0
10
3
251
214
Balochi
56
25
14
15
142
0
0
3
251
215
Tuvaluan
23
60
148
0
10
0
5
3
249
216
Cypriot, so described
87
111
12
31
3
0
4
0
249
217
Pampangan
99
73
44
8
20
0
0
0
249
218
Anuak
34
22
106
16
57
3
0
0
242
219
Ngarinyman
0
0
0
0
12
0
220
0
234
220
Shilluk
12
200
0
0
4
0
0
4
231
221
Ga
81
41
30
28
38
0
3
7
227
222
Wangkatha
0
3
8
0
213
0
0
0
225
223
Dan (Gio-Dan)
62
91
8
28
31
0
0
0
222
224
Key Word Sign Australia
54
42
70
6
29
0
3
3
218
225
Meriam Mir
0
0
195
0
3
0
21
0
217
226
Jaru
0
0
0
0
207
0
3
0
217
227
Kashmiri
78
89
16
6
9
0
0
8
215
228
Nyangumarta
0
0
0
0
211
0
0
0
211
229
Kuuk Thayorre
0
0
204
0
0
0
3
0
205
230
Hausa
64
57
20
19
32
11
0
5
202
231
Balinese
69
32
40
9
37
0
13
0
199
232
Georgian
103
73
7
9
0
0
0
3
198
233
Moro (Nuba Moro)
54
28
52
0
53
5
0
0
188
234
Belorussian
47
81
16
19
13
0
0
3
187
235
Kune
0
3
0
0
0
0
175
0
180
236
Ndjebbana (Gunavidji)
0
0
0
0
0
0
173
0
177
237
Tigre
4
103
6
15
35
0
0
4
170
238
Kija
0
0
0
0
162
0
0
0
169
239
Romany
31
96
13
3
21
3
0
0
167
240
Mandaean (Mandaic)
85
32
24
7
14
0
0
0
164
241
Czechoslovakian, so described
73
28
20
18
17
3
0
3
161
242
Xhosa
41
27
35
9
33
0
0
4
159
243
Eastern European Languages, nfd
40
38
5
9
64
0
0
0
157
244
Miriwoong
0
0
0
0
139
0
13
0
156
245
Papua New Guinea Languages, nec
26
27
69
4
4
7
3
6
152
246
Pintupi
0
0
0
0
60
0
80
0
147
247
Gupapuyngu
0
0
0
0
0
0
145
0
146
248
Mayali
0
0
0
0
0
0
146
0
145
249
Wajarri
0
5
0
0
108
0
27
0
145
250
Adnymathanha
0
0
0
130
0
0
3
0
140
251
Kikuyu
21
40
5
25
37
0
8
0
137
252
Luo
24
30
24
7
32
0
3
7
135
253
Gooniyandi
0
0
0
0
134
0
0
0
134
254
Invented Languages
32
37
15
23
13
3
0
4
131
255
Kukatja
0
0
0
0
121
0
9
0
130
256
Garrwa
0
0
12
0
0
0
117
0
129
257
Dhuwala, nfd
0
0
0
0
0
0
125
0
125
258
Iwaidja
0
0
0
3
0
0
112
0
123
259
Kaytetye
0
0
0
0
0
0
118
0
122
260
Other Eastern Asian Languages, nec
58
19
34
3
3
0
6
0
120
261
Dravidian, nec
44
48
14
0
3
0
0
0
118
262
American Languages
36
28
26
4
12
0
3
4
116
263
Gumatj
0
0
0
0
0
0
116
0
116
264
Tatar
3
9
0
86
0
4
0
0
113
265
Bandjalang
91
3
16
0
0
0
0
0
113
266
Bikol
29
28
25
16
8
0
0
3
111
267
Djinang, nfd
0
0
0
0
0
0
107
0
107
268
Gamilaraay
69
0
25
0
0
0
0
3
105
269
Anmatyerr, nfd
0
0
0
0
0
0
101
0
105
270
Banyjima
0
0
0
0
105
0
0
0
104
271
Acehnese
54
0
33
0
15
0
0
0
104
272
Other Australian Indigenous Languages, nfd
27
0
32
0
0
0
41
0
102
273
Mudburra
0
0
0
0
0
0
90
0
92
274
Gudanji
0
0
25
0
0
0
62
0
91
275
Djapu
0
0
0
0
37
0
49
0
90
276
Gumbaynggir
87
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
90
277
Galpu
0
0
0
0
0
0
89
0
89
278
Mann
11
29
18
21
10
0
0
0
88
279
Other Southern European Languages, nec
22
36
11
7
13
0
0
0
85
280
Pacific Austronesian Languages, nfd
22
9
49
0
6
0
0
0
85
281
Turkic, nec
20
15
11
3
21
0
0
0
80
282
Javanese
21
18
5
4
14
0
3
7
78
283
Bassa
24
19
3
15
10
0
6
3
77
284
Loma (Lorma)
3
32
4
7
26
0
3
0
75
285
Themne
53
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
69
286
Krahn
7
22
9
23
6
0
0
3
68
287
Mangala
0
0
0
0
68
0
0
0
68
288
Basque
15
13
43
0
4
0
0
0
65
289
Lardil
0
0
65
0
0
0
0
0
65
290
Dhalwangu
0
0
0
0
0
0
61
0
62
291
Iban
9
7
8
9
33
0
0
0
62
292
Yorta Yorta
3
55
0
0
0
0
0
0
62
293
Wambaya
0
0
0
0
0
0
60
0
61
294
Yawuru
0
3
0
0
44
0
17
0
61
295
Nyikina
0
0
0
0
60
0
0
0
61
296
Other Southeast Asian Languages
21
4
13
4
9
0
0
3
58
297
Na-kara
0
0
0
0
0
0
58
0
58
298
Wangurri
0
0
0
0
0
0
58
0
58
299
Sign Languages, nec
20
17
17
0
0
3
0
3
56
300
Frisian
14
14
16
7
3
0
0
5
55
301
Oceanian Pidgins and Creoles, nec
3
9
40
0
0
0
3
3
55
302
Ganalbingu
0
0
0
0
0
0
53
0
54
303
Kaurna
0
0
0
45
4
0
0
0
53
304
Kuninjku
0
0
0
0
0
0
51
0
51
305
Liyagalawumirr
0
0
0
0
0
0
51
0
51
306
Wardaman
0
0
0
0
0
0
50
0
50
307
Spanish Creole, nfd
3
26
10
0
0
0
0
7
49
308
Gun-nartpa
0
0
0
0
0
0
49
0
49
309
Letzeburgish
16
7
5
0
10
0
0
0
48
310
Aromunian (Macedo-Romanian)
3
43
0
0
0
0
0
0
47
311
Tai, nec
11
7
9
0
0
0
3
8
46
312
Gurr-goni
0
0
0
0
0
0
46
0
46
313
Bilinarra
0
0
0
0
0
0
44
0
46
314
Gundjeihmi
0
0
0
0
0
0
40
0
46
315
Djabugay
0
0
46
0
0
0
0
0
46
316
Dhangu, nfd
0
0
0
0
0
0
45
0
45
317
Middle Eastern Semitic Languages, nec
28
7
3
4
3
0
0
0
44
318
Girramay
0
0
44
0
0
0
0
0
44
319
Rembarrnga
4
0
0
0
0
0
37
0
43
320
Ngarluma
0
0
0
0
42
0
0
0
42
321
Paakantyi
29
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
42
322
Bunuba
0
0
0
0
41
0
0
0
41
323
Karajarri
0
0
0
0
39
0
0
0
41
324
Kiwai
0
0
34
0
0
0
9
0
40
325
Yanyuwa
0
0
0
0
0
0
35
0
39
326
Yinhawangka
0
0
0
0
39
0
0
0
39
327
Ngarinyin
0
0
0
0
38
0
3
0
38
328
Eastern Asian Languages, nfd
16
0
20
0
0
0
0
0
38
329
Chinese, nec
13
9
0
3
3
0
0
0
34
330
Dhanggatti
32
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
34
331
Celtic, nec
17
5
6
4
4
0
0
0
31
332
Iberian Romance, nfd
16
3
14
0
0
0
0
0
30
333
Celtic, nfd
3
21
4
0
0
0
0
3
29
334
Daatiwuy
0
0
0
0
0
0
29
0
29
335
Ngaliwurru
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
0
29
336
Dhuwal, nec
0
0
0
0
0
0
28
0
28
337
Dharawal
27
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
27
338
Ngan'gikurunggurr
0
0
0
0
0
0
28
0
26
339
Warlmanpa
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
0
26
340
Kimberley Area Languages, nec
0
0
0
0
26
0
0
0
26
341
Narungga
0
3
0
21
0
0
4
0
25
342
Nyamal
0
0
0
0
23
0
0
0
25
343
Iberian Romance, nec
13
3
5
3
0
0
0
0
24
344
Batjala
0
0
17
0
0
0
0
0
24
345
Jingulu
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
0
23
346
German and Related Languages, nfd
9
0
7
3
5
0
0
3
22
347
Ritharrngu
0
0
0
0
0
0
22
0
22
348
Bidjara
0
6
6
3
0
0
0
0
22
349
Kartujarra
0
0
0
0
21
0
0
0
21
350
Scandinavian, nec
3
0
6
0
4
0
0
0
20
351
Cape York Peninsula Languages, nfd
0
0
13
0
0
0
0
7
19
352
Waanyi
0
0
3
0
0
0
16
0
19
353
Kariyarra
0
0
0
0
19
0
0
0
19
354
Kpelle
3
3
8
3
5
0
0
0
19
355
Iranic, nec
16
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
19
356
Middle Eastern Semitic Languages, nfd
10
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
19
357
Yidiny
0
0
13
0
0
0
0
0
19
358
Dhay'yi, nfd
0
0
0
0
0
0
18
0
18
359
Wagilak
0
0
0
0
0
0
18
0
18
360
Wagiman
0
0
0
0
0
0
18
0
18
361
Oceanian Pidgins and Creoles, nfd
4
5
4
0
0
0
8
0
18
362
Arnhem Land and Daly River Region Languages, nec
0
0
9
0
0
0
8
0
18
363
Yugambeh
0
0
18
0
0
0
0
0
18
364
Warramiri
0
0
0
0
0
0
18
0
17
365
Rirratjingu
0
0
0
0
0
0
17
0
17
366
Southwest and Central Asian Languages, nfd
8
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
17
367
Liyagawumirr
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
0
16
368
Jawoyn
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
16
369
Yulparija
0
0
0
0
16
0
0
0
16
370
Southeast Asian Languages, nfd
3
4
4
3
3
0
0
0
16
371
Kukatha
0
0
0
11
0
0
0
0
16
372
Other Eastern Asian Languages, nfd
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
373
Marrithiyel
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
0
15
374
Wubulkarra
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
0
15
375
Arabana
0
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
15
376
Djinba, nfd
0
0
0
0
0
0
14
0
14
377
Larrakiya
0
0
3
0
0
0
11
0
14
378
Wergaia
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
14
379
Other Eastern European Languages, nec
7
3
3
0
3
0
0
0
13
380
Muruwari
3
0
0
0
11
0
0
0
12
381
Finnish and Related Languages, nec
3
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
12
382
Portuguese Creole, nfd
3
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
383
Finnish and Related Languages, nfd
9
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
11
384
Tai, nfd
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
385
Yapese
0
12
6
0
0
0
0
0
11
386
Wurlaki
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
0
10
387
Malak Malak
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
10
388
Wangkajunga
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
10
389
Other Eastern European Languages, nfd
0
0
0
3
8
0
0
0
10
390
Kuuku-Ya'u
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
391
Koko-Bera
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
10
392
Wunambal
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
9
393
Other Languages, nfd
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
9
394
Djinang, nec
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
8
395
Madarrpa
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
8
396
Marra
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
8
397
Dyirbal
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
8
398
Tjupany
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
8
399
Kayardild
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
8
400
Scandinavian, nfd
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
401
Marrangu
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
7
402
Worrorra
0
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
7
403
Turkic, nfd
0
0
4
3
0
0
0
0
6
404
Maringarr
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
5
405
Palyku/Nyiyaparli
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
5
406
Diyari
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
407
Dutch and Related Languages, nfd
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
408
Dhangu, nec
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
4
409
Eastern Anmatyerr
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
4
410
Malngin
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
4
411
Alawa
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
4
412
Githabul
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
413
South Slavic, nfd
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
414
Kanai
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
415
Keerray-Woorroong
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
416
Gurindji Kriol
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
417
Manyjalpingu
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
418
Nhangu, nec
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
419
Ngardi
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
420
Warnman
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
421
Other Southwest and Central Asian Languages, nec
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
422
Gudjal
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
423
Lamalama
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
424
Wangkangurru
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
425
Badimaya
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
426
Baltic, nfd
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
427
Southern European Languages, nfd
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
428
Wik Ngathan
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
Total
1,882,002
1,538,746
557,678
274,067
435,239
27,266
67,461
86,659
4,871,626
Note, English not included, Other Territories not included.
Top 35 Languages Spoken at Home ranked by Low English Proficiency.
To sort by other variables, please click on the arrow pointers at the top of the desired variable column.
Rank
Language
Well
Not Well
Total
Not Stated
Grand Total
1
Mandarin
437918
155418
593338
3372
596711
2
Vietnamese
188801
86706
275506
1896
277400
3
Cantonese
209203
70162
279361
1583
280943
4
Arabic
266667
51868
318537
3186
321728
5
Greek
197651
37619
235267
2321
237588
6
Italian
232917
34993
267910
3690
271597
7
Korean
73365
34748
108108
886
108997
8
Spanish
123821
15590
139411
1402
140817
9
Punjabi
117346
13832
131173
1315
132496
10
Other Chinese Langs
36340
13662
49999
285
50284
11
Other Indian Langs
124818
12810
137627
988
138617
12
Thai
43256
11664
54922
526
55444
13
Turkish
47044
10744
57785
571
58355
14
Persian (excluding Dari)
47176
10643
57824
489
58313
15
Macedonian
54777
10508
65286
733
66019
16
Serbian
44227
9036
53260
541
53801
17
Japanese
46922
8612
55539
431
55966
18
Hindi
150753
7621
158375
1273
159652
19
Russian
42434
7554
49984
334
50314
20
Croatian
49017
7273
56293
598
56885
21
Aust Indigenous Langs
55371
7189
62558
2204
64762
22
Tamil
65942
6649
72591
577
73161
23
Urdu
62587
5995
68578
714
69293
24
Indonesian
61513
5870
67387
502
67891
25
Tagalog/Filipino
175204
5537
180741
1756
182493
26
Polish
42540
5094
47631
448
48083
27
Bengali
50019
4199
54215
353
54566
28
Samoan
40466
3572
44039
826
44869
29
Sinhalese
60859
3321
64177
436
64612
30
French
67221
2983
70206
668
70873
31
Maltese
29272
2266
31539
446
31987
32
German
76191
2262
78456
900
79353
33
Other SE Asian Langs
26819
1987
28803
269
29073
34
Dutch
32675
774
33451
383
33835
35
Afrikaans
42802
656
43460
287
43741
Total
4,009,194
810,002
4,819,194
52,448
4,871,647
Note: top 35 language groups shown. Total all non-English includes all languages other than English.
Top 50 Countries of Birth by Age.
Rank
Country
0-9
10-19
20-29
30-39
40-49
50-69
70+
Total
1
Australia
2620528
2274553
2097998
1893951
1988729
3327196
1411877
15614834
2
England
22017
46704
54918
80365
137572
356337
209667
907568
3
New Zealand
24330
49909
75321
88078
96574
149542
34707
518462
4
China (excl SARs and Taiwan)
11312
42059
156460
98709
64394
105610
31016
509558
5
India
24438
27431
101364
170120
59300
53928
18802
455385
6
Philippines
9610
23487
31583
53385
46779
59247
8296
232391
7
Vietnam
3501
8956
28129
40750
50863
73570
13577
219351
8
Italy
952
1405
6759
7513
7597
61701
88117
174042
9
South Africa
5233
17952
21807
26778
36631
42155
11884
162450
10
Malaysia
4303
10193
26374
28396
20896
38078
10132
138363
11
Scotland
1910
4368
5665
10162
15937
49841
31539
119416
12
Sri Lanka
3838
7342
14947
26536
20123
28144
8921
109850
13
Germany
1061
2723
6143
9858
10773
38148
33883
102594
14
Korea, Republic of (South)
3286
8140
23690
27565
18089
14627
3378
98775
15
Greece
772
1586
1746
2512
4635
31955
50545
93740
16
Hong Kong (SAR of China)
2393
5922
18338
16871
10700
28474
4197
86886
17
United States of America
7078
10252
12985
15090
12971
22054
5690
86126
18
Lebanon
833
1964
5645
11593
16668
31880
10062
78649
19
Ireland
3156
3018
9975
19590
10788
17726
10631
74891
20
Indonesia
2267
6171
15167
19709
12508
13065
4326
73218
21
Netherlands
756
1492
2177
3666
5576
28242
28259
70172
22
Iraq
3001
6523
12607
13596
13222
14852
3540
67353
23
Thailand
3518
7522
13527
21486
11048
8392
731
66228
24
Pakistan
5727
5694
17608
18756
7530
5857
730
61918
25
Fiji
795
2860
6180
14175
13146
19737
4575
61472
26
Iran
2685
5026
8636
20300
8911
9906
2653
58112
27
Singapore
3391
6183
10838
8599
8983
13859
3087
54934
28
Nepal
1483
3757
25633
18491
3512
1726
153
54757
29
Taiwan
1223
1968
16154
14513
4902
7093
966
46822
30
Afghanistan
1602
5504
14147
11487
7306
5905
841
46799
31
Poland
295
516
1958
7451
5553
17932
11668
45370
32
Croatia
108
226
1921
2823
4059
18289
16259
43687
33
Canada
2041
2741
6660
9590
8462
10787
2774
43053
34
Japan
2289
3575
6468
10823
10550
7136
1585
42420
35
Bangladesh
2000
2342
9544
16026
6572
4456
284
41237
36
Egypt
1480
2762
2458
5634
3875
13903
9667
39776
37
The FYR of Macedonia
154
463
1764
3894
5624
18701
8386
38986
38
Malta
61
174
327
770
1425
18779
16078
37609
39
Zimbabwe
549
3685
5062
7075
7869
9270
1276
34789
40
Cambodia
515
1346
4001
6736
7412
10697
2440
33152
41
Myanmar
639
2868
6545
7247
5651
7206
2506
32656
42
Turkey
470
830
2569
5167
8097
11597
3443
32183
43
France
1008
1606
6636
7234
4816
6928
2889
31120
44
Papua New Guinea
730
2506
2538
4116
8781
8689
1436
28803
45
Wales
490
1284
1913
3021
4626
10589
6130
28046
46
Brazil
626
1189
8103
11636
3516
2163
394
27625
47
Chile
298
584
1954
4395
5245
9739
3870
26082
48
Mauritius
272
1158
2878
4910
3116
8627
3367
24324
49
Samoa
568
1838
2705
4060
5465
8148
1229
24016
50
Bosnia and Herzegovina
72
347
3423
4326
3922
8982
2871
23959
Note: Total All Countries include all countries of birth (not just the top 50).
Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Status by Age and Gender.
0-4
5-14
15-24
25-44
45-54
55-64
65+
Total
Males
37,768
75,292
63,283
78,788
31,654
21,446
13942
322173
Females
35,496
71,836
60,428
82,471
35,762
23,995
17012
327000
Total
73,265
147,133
123,718
161,256
67,415
45,438
30,952
649,177
The Australian Bureau of Statistics will be making more data available via Table Builder next week. And even more data will be released in October.
If you have any questions, please leave a comment or email us from the contact page!
The top languages spoken in Australia confirms our changing diversity.
The Australian population as at the 2016 Census was 23.4m people, compared to 21.5m in 2011, up 8.8%. The 2016 Census data released today confirms the changing face of Australia. Italian, is now the fifth most spoken language, other than English. It was number one at the 2006 Census and number two in 2011.
One in five Australians now speak a language other than English at home.
Growth in Asian and Indian languages are obvious. The most dramatic is Mandarin, now almost double the next largest language group, Arabic. Mandarin has grown by over 170% in the decade to 2016. The total number of Chinese speakers (Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu and others) now exceed 927,000 (our earlier prediction of 1m was pretty close!).
The growth is even more obvious when we graphed the growth (or decline) of the top 5 languages spoken in Australia.
Languages other than English spoken at home, 2016 Census.
You’ll hear dramatic stats about the number of people born overseas or have at least one parent born overseas. This is potentially misleading because it includes those born in the UK, NZ, USA and other English speaking countries.
If you’re looking at targeting people from different cultures who might speak other languages then the table below might be more relevant.
The number of people who speak a language other than English at home has increased by almost 1 million to 4.9m, which is 20.8% of the Australian population. The number of people with low English proficiency has also jumped to almost 820,000.
You can rack up big bucks on corporate entertainment, or stand out from the crowd and give them an rich and interesting cultural experience. IDENTITY Communications, the intelligent multicultural marketing agency has a suggestion…
Last year a PwC report found report found that 82.7% of people who work in media and entertainment are monolingual and speak only English at home. Most live in Sydney and are clustered round the Inner West and Eastern Suburbs with the top 10 suburbs shown below:
North Bondi
Newtown/Camperdown/Darlington
Leichhardt/Annandale
Surry Hills
Potts Point
Bondi/Tamarama/Bronte
Coogee/Clovelly
Paddington
Randwick
Redfern/Chippendale
This is dramatically different from the demographic make up of Sydney, where one in three speaks a language other than English at home (2011 Census, ABS). According to ThinkTV research released this month, “media and advertising types are living in a bubble called AdLand“.
John street, Cabramatta
Last year, a media agency contacted IDENTITY Communications to run a food tour for their team of 20 people. The team has done just about everything; fine dining with lots of booze and other typical corporate bonding activities. Encouragingly, the group director really wanted his team to experience cultures and geographies outside of the inner city, eastern suburbs bubble. We jumped at the chance. The half day adventure was a roaring culinary and cultural success which is still talked about today.
While the cultural diversity of clients is probably more balanced than AdLand, a food tour of Sydney’s diverse suburbs can also be an eye-opener, and help clients and agencies understand their customers. It makes an imaginative and interesting change from the usual fine dining and boozing.
Merryland Taste Food Tours
As I discovered recently during a Merrylands experience run by Taste Food Tours, a three hour cultural and food tour costs less than a typical three course fine dining experience. Not only do you feel richer for the experience, the walking and talking burned more calories than sitting on plush chairs being looked after by uber cool waiters.
Merrylands was part of the Holroyd Council before it merged recently with Auburn to become Cumberland Council. Just over half of the residents of Holroyd Council spoke a language other than English according to the 2011 Census. The area is home to a sizeable number of migrants from Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Lebanon, China and India. This Taste Food tour was called From Afghanistan to Persia, an evening experience coinciding with Ramadan.
Afghan Mantu, Bahar Restaurant, Merrylands
Seven stops, seven different food experiences and an opportunity to talk with the hard working, humble owners of these amazing eateries. If you have a sweet tooth, check out Asal Sweet for their Persian cakes and pastries or Shiraz for the alluringly named dessert, rice in rose water and saffron ice cream. Love dumplings? Mantu (above) is a must-try; the skin is thick and firm, inside it’s a mixture of lamb mince, onion and spices. They’re served with a sauce made of yellow split peas, tomato, onion, garlic. Yogurt is also poured over the top. If you love your meat, Kebab Hojat is your stop – the charcoal grill will make your mouth water (below).
Kebab Hojat, Merrylands
Photos and videos used are courtesy of noodlies, Sydney food blog. You can read more about Taste’s Afghanistan to Persia food tour at noodlies.
If you’re looking for a different and interesting experience than the usual, pricey fine diner – a cultural food tour might tick all the boxes.
UPDATE: I did Taste Food Tour’s Ramadan Night Markets in Lakemba last night. It was amazing, check out the video below.
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Credit: This amazing Merrylands experience was thanks to Taste Food Tours (they do heaps of tours all over Sydney).